Use Neon read replicas with Prisma

A Neon read replica is an independent read-only compute that performs read operations on the same data as your primary read-write compute, which means adding a read replica to a Neon project requires no additional storage.

A key benefit of read replicas is that you can distribute read requests to one or more read replicas, enabling you to easily scale your applications and achieve higher throughput for both read-write and read-only workloads.

For more information about Neon's read replica feature, see Read replicas.

In this guide, we'll show you how you can leverage Neon read replicas to efficiently scale Prisma applications using Prisma Client's read replica extension: @prisma/extension-read-replicas.

Prerequisites

• An application that uses Prisma with a Neon database.

Create a read replica

You can create one or more read replicas for any branch in your Neon project.

You can add a read replica by following these steps:

1. In the Neon Console, select Branches.

2. Select the branch where your database resides.

3. Click Add Read Replica.

4. On the Add new compute dialog, select Read replica as the Compute type.

5. Specify the Compute size settings options. You can configure a Fixed Size compute with a specific amount of vCPU and RAM (the default) or enable autoscaling by configuring a minimum and maximum compute size. You can also configure the Scale to zero setting, which controls whether your read replica compute is automatically suspended due to inactivity after 5 minutes.

   note

   The compute size configuration determines the processing power of your database. More vCPU and memory means more processing power but also higher compute costs. For information about compute costs, see Billing metrics.

6. When you finish making selections, click Create.

   Your read replica compute is provisioned and appears on the Computes tab of the Branches page.

Alternatively, you can create read replicas using the Neon API or Neon CLI.

curl --request POST \
     --url https://console.neon.tech/api/v2/projects/late-bar-27572981/endpoints \
     --header 'Accept: application/json' \
     --header "Authorization: Bearer $NEON_API_KEY" \
     --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
     --data '
{
  "endpoint": {
    "type": "read_only",
    "branch_id": "br-young-fire-15282225"
  }
}
' | jq

Retrieve the connection string for your read replica

Connecting to a read replica is the same as connecting to any branch in a Neon project, except you connect via a read replica compute instead of your primary read-write compute. The following steps describe how to retrieve the connection string (the URL) for a read replica from the Neon Console.

1. On the Neon Dashboard, under Connection Details, select the branch, the database, and the role you want to connect with.

2. Under Compute, select a Replica compute.

3. Select the connection string and copy it. This is the information you need to connect to the read replica from your Prisma Client. The connection string appears similar to the following:

   postgresql://alex:AbC123dEf@ep-cool-darkness-123456.us-east-2.aws.neon.tech/dbname

   If you expect a high number of connections, select Pooled connection to add the -pooler flag to the connection string, but remember to append ?pgbouncer=true to the connection string when using a pooled connection. Prisma requires this flag when using Prisma Client with PgBouncer. See Use connection pooling with Prisma for more information.

Update your env file

In your .env file, set a DATABASE_REPLICA_URL environment variable to the connection string of your read replica. Your .env file should look something like this, with your regular DATABASE_URL and the newly added DATABASE_REPLICA_URL.

DATABASE_URL="postgresql://alex:AbC123dEf@ep-cool-darkness-123456.us-east-2.aws.neon.tech/dbname"
DATABASE_REPLICA_URL="postgresql://alex:AbC123dEf@ep-damp-cell-123456.us-east-2.aws.neon.tech/dbname"

Notice that the endpoint_id (ep-damp-cell-123456) for the read replica compute differs. The read replica is a different compute and therefore has a different endpoint_id.

Configure Prisma Client to use a read replica

@prisma/extension-read-replicas adds support to Prisma Client for read replicas. The following steps show you how to install the extension and configure it to use a Neon read replica.

1. Install the extension in your Prisma project:

   npm install @prisma/extension-read-replicas

2. Extend your Prisma Client instance by importing the extension and adding the DATABASE_REPLICA_URL environment variable as shown:

   import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
   import { readReplicas } from '@prisma/extension-read-replicas';
   
   const prisma = new PrismaClient().$extends(
     readReplicas({
       url: DATABASE_REPLICA_URL,
     })
   );

   note

   You can also pass an array of read replica connection strings if you want to use multiple read replicas. Neon supports adding multiple read replicas to a database branch.

   // lib/prisma.ts
   const prisma = new PrismaClient().$extends(
     readReplicas({
       url: [process.env.DATABASE_REPLICA_URL_1, process.env.DATABASE_REPLICA_URL_2],
     })
   );

   When your application runs, read operations are sent to the read replica. If you specify multiple read replicas, a read replica is selected randomly.

   All write and $transaction queries are sent to the primary compute defined by DATABASE_URL, which is your read/write compute.

   If you want to read from the primary compute and bypass read replicas, you can use the $primary() method in your extended Prisma Client instance:

   const posts = await prisma.$primary().post.findMany()

   This Prisma Client query will be routed to your primary database.

Examples

This example demonstrates how to use the @prisma/extension-read-replicas extension in Prisma Client. It uses a simple TypeScript script to read and write data in a Postgres database.

• Prisma read replicas demo

  A TypeScript example showing how to use the @prisma/extension-read-replicas extension in Prisma Client